Bitumen is known for its waterproofing and adhesive properties and is commonly used in the construction industry, notably for roads and highways. Production occurs through distillation, which removes lighter crude oil components like gasoline and diesel, leaving the heavier bitumen behind.
Viscosity Grade Bitumen Uses
VG-10 BITUMEN
VG-10 is mostly used in spraying applications such as surface dressing and Paving in very cold climate instead of 80/100 penetration bitumen grade. It is also used to produce Bitumen Emulsion and Modified Bitumen products.
VG-20 BITUMEN
VG-20 is used for paving in cold climate & high altitude regions.
VG-30 BITUMEN
VG-30 is especially used to construct extra heavy duty Bitumen pavements that need to tolerate significant traffic loads. It can be used instead of 60/70 penetration bitumen grade.
VG-40 BITUMEN
VG-40 is used in highly stressed areas such as intersections, near toll booths and truck parking lots instead of 30/40 penetration grade. Because of higher viscosity, stiffer Bitumen mixes can be produced to amend resistance to shoving and other problems related to higher temperature and heavy traffic loads.
Sulphur is a multivalent non-metal, abundant, tasteless and and odorless. In its native form sulphur is a yellow crystalline solid. In nature it occurs as the pure element or as sulfide and sulfate minerals. Although sulphur is infamous for its smell, frequently compare to rotten eggs, that odor is actually characteristic of hydrogen sulphide (H2S).
Sulphur is also used in batteries, detergents, fungicides, manufacture of fertilizers, gun power, matches and fireworks. Other applications are making corrosion-resistant concrete which has great strength and is forst resistant, for solvents and in a host of other products of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries
Sulphur product has applications in the production process of the following industries:
– Sulphuric Acid
– Fertilizer Industry
– Tyre & Rubber Industry
– Sugar Industry
– Linear Alkyl Benzene
– Carbon Disulphide
– Caprolactam
– Explosives & Fire Crackers
– Pharma Industry
– Dye & Dye Intermediates
Polyethylene (PE) is an organic polymer made by the polymerization of monomer subunits. The chemical formula of polyethylene is (C2H4)n. Polyethylene is a combination of similar polymers of ethylene with different values of n. A typical polyethylene molecule can contain more than 500 ethylene subunits.
Polyethylene has shown good mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical and optical properties. It is cheap, flexible, and electrically and chemically resistant.
Polyethylene is the most widely used plastic in the world. It can be processed into any shape for flexible or hard and strong products. It is used for lining tubes and tanks, and to wrap pipes to protect against corrosive materials.
Polyethylene is classified according to its density and branching. The three main types are:
- High-density polyethylene (HDPE). HDPE has a low degree of branching. It is the sturdiest and most inflexible type. It has high tensile strength and is used to produce milk jugs, detergent bottles, butter tubs, garbage containers and water pipes.
- Low-density polyethylene (LDPE). LDPE has a high degree of short- and long-chain branching, which give it a lower tensile strength and increased ductility. This gives molten LDPE unique and desirable flow properties. It is used for both rigid containers and plastic film applications, such as plastic bags and film wrap
Polypropylene is a type of thermoplastic polymer resin with the chemical formula C3H6. It is useful in many packaging applications as a structural plastic or as a fiber-type plastic. It is easy to customize, lightweight and very flexible, and has high melting point and a low level of electrical conductivity. Polypropylene (PP) is a versatile thermoplastic – it is the lightest polymers among all commodity plastics, low density, stress-cracking resistant and the list goes on. It is the second-most widely produced volume plastic after polyethylene.
Molecular Structure of polyproplene
Types of Polypropylene
Homopolymers and Copolymers are the two major types of polypropylene available in the market.
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- Polypropylene Homopolymer is the most widely utilized general-purpose grade. It contains only propylene monomer in a semi-crystalline solid form. Main applications include packaging, textiles, healthcare, pipes, automotive and electrical applications.
- Polypropylene Copolymer family is further divided into random copolymers and block copolymers produced by polymerizing of propene and ethane:
- Polypropylene Random Copolymer is produced by polymerizing together ethene and propene. It features Ethene units, usually up to 6% by mass, incorporated randomly in the polypropylene chains. These polymers are flexible and optically clear making them suitable for applications requiring transparency and for products requiring an excellent appearance.
- While in Polypropylene Block Copolymer, ethene content is larger (between 5 and 15%). It has co-monomer units arranged in regular pattern (or blocks). The regular pattern hence makes thermoplastic tougher and less brittle than the random co-polymer. These polymers are suitable for applications requiring high strength, such as industrial usages.
